| 翻訳と辞書 | Hanani–Tutte theorem| Hanani–Tutte theorem  : ウィキペディア英語版 | 
 In topological graph theory, the Hanani–Tutte theorem is a result on the parity of edge crossings in a graph drawing. It states that every drawing in the plane of a non-planar graph contains a pair of independent edges (not both sharing an endpoint) that cross each other an odd number of times. Equivalently, it can be phrased as a planarity criterion: a graph is planar if and only if it has a drawing in which every pair of independent edges crosses evenly (or not at all).〔.〕
 ==History==
 The result is named after Haim Hanani, who proved in 1934 that every drawing of the two minimal non-planar graphs ''K''5 and ''K''3,3 has a pair of edges with an odd number of crossings,〔. See in particular (1), p. 137.〕 and after W. T. Tutte, who stated the full theorem explicitly in 1970.〔.〕 A parallel development of similar ideas in algebraic topology has been credited to Egbert van Kampen, Arnold S. Shapiro, and Wu Wenjun.〔.〕〔.〕〔.〕〔.〕〔. Continued in (6 (1): 23–35, 1986 ).〕
 
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